Crime, Unemployment, and Xenophobia? An Ecological Analysis of Right-Wing Election Results in Hamburg, 1986−2005

This paper investigates the consequences of immigration, crime and socio-economic depriviation for the performance of right-wing extremist and populist parties in the German city state of Hamburg between 1986 and 2005. The ecological determinants of voting for right-wing parties on the district level are compared to those for mainstream and other protest parties. Parallels and differences in spatial characteristics between right-wing extremist and populist parties' performance are identified. Our empirical results tend to confirm the general contextual sociological theory of right-wing radicalization by general social deprivation and immigration. Nevertheless they indicate that one has to be very cautious when interpreting the unemployment/crime - right-winger nexus. Moreover, crime does not seem to have a strong significant effect on right-wing populist parties' election successes despite its importance for their programmes and campaigns.elections, political extremism, labor market policy, welfare policy, immigration

Current problems in governmental management of state budgets in selected countries of EU

Current problems in governmental management of state budgets in selected countries of EU The main purpose of my thesis is to analyse current problems in governmental management of state budgets in selected countries of the European Union. The essential introduction which deals with the institute of state budget and its historical evolution is not omitted. The thesis is mainly focused on the reformist efforts of the preceding and contemporary governments within the analysis of the issue of state budget in the Czech republic. The reforms which are preparing for now and also those which are already part of the Czech law are mentioned. The thesis is aftetwards fosused on the situation of the sovereign debt crisis in Greece, Ireland and Portugal. The end of the thesis desbribes the solution of these problems by the European Union which will impact on a form of this community in the future. The thesis is composed of five main chapters. Chapter One is introductory and provides theoretical basis for another chapters. The chapter is subdivided into five subchapters. Subchapter One describes the historical evolution of the institute of state budget. Subchapter Two is then focused on the concept of state budget and budgetary law. Following three subchpaters are concerned with the functions of state budget,...Resumé Hlavním cílem této rigorózní práce je postihnout aktuální problémy hospodaření státních rozpočtů vybraných členských států Evropské unie. Opomenut není nezbytný úvod věnující se samotnému institutu státního rozpočtu a jeho historickému vývoji. V rámci mapování problematiky státního rozpočtu České republiky je práce zaměřena především na reformní snahy vlád minulých i současných. Zmíněny jsou připravované reformní kroky i ty, které se již staly součástí právního řádu České republiky. Následně se práce zaměřila na nastínění situace tzv. dluhových krizí na území Řecka, Irska a Portugalska. Závěr práce je věnován řešení tzv. dluhových krizí ze strany Evropské unie, které do budoucna výrazně ovlivní podobu tohoto společenství. Rigorózní práce se skládá z pěti hlavních kapitol. První kapitola je úvodní a poskytuje teoretický základ pro kapitoly následující. Je rozdělena na pět podkapitol. První z nich se věnuje historickému vývoji institutu státního rozpočtu, druhá je pak zaměřena na samotný pojem státního rozpočtu a rozpočtového práva. Následující tři podkapitoly se zabývají funkcemi státního rozpočtu, fiskální a rozpočtovou politikou a základními zásadami rozpočtového práva. Kapitola druhá popisuje vývoj a stav hospodaření státních rozpočtů na území České republiky. Je rozdělena na sedm podkapitol. Cílem...Katedra finančního práva a finanční vědyDepartment of Financial Law and FinancesFaculty of LawPrávnická fakult

A complementary emissions test for light-duty vehicles: Assessing the technical feasibility of candidate procedures

Light-duty diesel vehicles emit on the road substantially more nitrogen oxides than permitted by regulatory emissions standards. The European Commission addresses this problem by developing a complementary emissions test procedure for the type approval and in-service conformity testing of these vehicles. To facilitate the technical development, the European Commission established in January 2011 the Real-Driving Emissions - Light-Duty Vehicles (RDE-LDV) working group that is open to all stakeholders. This report presents the results of the technical assessment that was carried out by the RDE-LDV working group for two candidate procedures: (i) emissions testing with random driving cycles in the laboratory and (ii) on-road emissions testing with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS). Both procedures are technically feasible. However, PEMS on-road testing appears to be more effective than random-cycle testing in limiting the pollutant emissions of light-duty vehicles because it (i) allows a wider range of driving conditions to be covered and (ii) might more effectively prevent the detection of emissions tests and the use of defeat strategies. Nonetheless, PEMS on-road testing faces practical challenges, including open safety issues, the currently limited availability of PEMS equipment, and potential climatic, geographical, and seasonal constraints for the execution of emissions tests. Random-cycle testing presents advantages over PEMS on-road testing in that already established laboratory equipment and know-how to be used. The present assessment is subject to uncertainty because the implementation and running costs as well as the overall effectiveness of the two candidate procedures depend on the definition of concrete boundary conditions (e.g., permitted test temperatures, severity of driving patterns). These definitions are not yet agreed. Accounting for the resulting uncertainty, it has been decided that the JRC will develop a PEMS-based test procedure. Vehicle manufacturers are given the opportunity to develop a random cycle-based test procedure. A decision will be made regarding the implementation for type approval and in-service conformity testing based on a comparison of the two fully developed test procedures by the end of 2013.JRC.F.8-Sustainable Transpor

Test-Case Generation for Embedded Binary Code Using Abstract Interpretation

This paper describes a framework for test-case generation for microcontroller binary programs using abstract interpretation techniques. The key idea of our approach is to derive program invariants a priori, and then use backward analysis to obtain test vectors that are executed on the target microcontroller. Due to the structure of binary code, the abstract interpretation framework is based on propositional encodings of the program semantics and SAT solving

Temperature dependence of Andreev spectra in a superconducting carbon nanotube quantum dot

Tunneling spectroscopy of a Nb coupled carbon nanotube quantum dot reveals the formation of pairs of Andreev bound states (ABS) within the superconducting gap. A weak replica of the lower ABS is found, which is generated by quasi-particle tunnelling from the ABS to the Al tunnel probe. An inversion of the ABS-dispersion is observed at elevated temperatures, which signals the thermal occupation of the upper ABS. Our experimental findings are well supported by model calculations based on the superconducting Anderson model.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure

Consistent economic cross-sectoral climate change impact scenario analysis: Method and application to Austria

AbstractClimate change triggers manifold impacts at the national to local level, which in turn have various economy-wide implications (e.g. on welfare, employment, or tax revenues). In its response, society needs to prioritize which of these impacts to address and what share of resources to spend on each respective adaptation. A prerequisite to achieving that end is an economic impact analysis that is consistent across sectors and acknowledges intersectoral and economy-wide feedback effects. Traditional Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) are usually operating at a level too aggregated for this end, while bottom-up impact models most often are not fully comprehensive, focusing on only a subset of climate sensitive sectors and/or a subset of climate change impact chains. Thus, we develop here an approach which applies climate and socioeconomic scenario analysis, harmonized economic costing, and sector explicit bandwidth analysis in a coupled framework of eleven (bio)physical impact assessment models and a uniform multi-sectoral computable general equilibrium model. In applying this approach to the alpine country of Austria, we find that macroeconomic feedbacks can magnify sectoral climate damages up to fourfold, or that by mid-century costs of climate change clearly outweigh benefits, with net costs rising two- to fourfold above current damage cost levels. The resulting specific impact information – differentiated by climate and economic drivers – can support sector-specific adaptation as well as adaptive capacity building

CONCEPTS AND TOOLS FOR THE TEST OF THE COMMUNICATION SUB-SYSTEM OF TIME-TRIGGERED DISTRIBUTED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT With the adoption of FlexRay, the time triggered paradigm has been widely accepted by the automotive industry as a means to tackle the requirements of future automotive electronics. However, when compared with traditional event-triggered systems like CAN, the benefits of higher reliability come at the cost of increased complexity during system design. In fact, to support the development of these systems adequate tool-support will be mandatory. In this paper we discuss the requirements and concepts for and present an implementation of a test and diagnosis toolset for FlexRay-based automotive distributed networks. Next to data monitoring and recording, this toolset provides facilities for fault injection and replay. Hence, the presented implementation is tailored for an embedded test and fault diagnosis and will enable an assessment of the reliability and dependability of future automotive solutions